Adaptive Block Steganography Based Crypting Technique

Adaptive Block Steganography Based Crypting Technique A Novel Approach on Adaptive Block Steganography Based Crypting Technique for Secure Message Passing AbhipsaKundu,  Sudipta Sahana Abstract The enhancement of using internet system has increased the ease of information communication which throws challenge in data security. Now in current days safe and sound data transfer become more essential and significant. Cryptography and Steganography are two significant areas of research that involve a number of applications. Cryptography is the technology that involves to encode a message text into an unreadable text form that is known as cipher text and thesteganography is an art and technology of hiding information in a multimedia file without causing statistically significant change to thisfile for involving a secret message transmission. In this proposed work the plain text is transformed to a cipher text using Cryptography technique, where different person can able to use their preferable key for encoding the text and also some Boolean algebraic operations are used in the succeeding steps and after that this cipher text is hidden inside a gray scale image as a cover media wit h dimension of 2n x 2n and a secure pictorial block steganography based encryptionalgorithm is proposed for transferring text messageand also mentioned the Cryptanalysis and Steganalysis method for retrieving data at receiver side. The experimental result shows that for using different length of text message the distortion of picture is very much less that is negligible in open eyes. At last it can be mentioned that without knowing the appropriate knowledge of cryptanalysisand steganalysis retrieving of message is quite impossible. Keywords Cryptography, Steganography, Plain text, Cipher text, Cryptanalysis, Steganalysis. 1. Introduction Cryptography is generally a key enabling technology for protecting distributed systems. An encryption algorithm takes the original message and a key, and alters the original message mathematically based on the key bits to create a new encrypted message. Likewise a decryption algorithm takes an encrypted message and restores it to its original form using one or more keys. There are two general concepts of cryptographic keys: Private key and public key system. When same key is use for encryption and decryption both purpose then this is identified as symmetric key encryption by using secret key. Where public-key encryption is also known as asymmetric-key encryption. The private key is known only to your computer, and used for only encrypt the message while the public key is given by your computer to any computer that wants to communicate securely with it.To decode an encrypted message, a computer must use the public key. SYMMETRIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY ASYMMETRIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY In this paper, secure data transfer by using cryptography with Boolean algebra and key concept is focused where different body can use a particular mentioned length key that generally cant be guessed by a third person. Steganography is the process of communication of secret data by using a multimedia carrier like image, video, audio or it also can be send by using an IP Datagram. Generally people cannot detect the secret communication of data. Message to be hidden is concealed in another file called cover media. Combination of secret message and cover file is called as – stego media. The stego function operates over cover media and the message (to be hidden) along with a stego-key (optionally) to produce a stego media. STEGANOGRAPHY AND STEGANALYSIS The paper is organized as follow. Section 2 describes the different types of steganography Techniques. In Section 3 section the algorithms of cryptography, steganography for data encryption techniqueon the other hand cryptanalysis and steganalysis forthe decryption technique are discussed followed by an example in Section 4. Section 5 shows the Analysis Work. Finally, in Section 6 the conclusion of this paper is included. 2. Related work In this section the past work related to the problem of hidden text in an image file is analyzed. A literature survey in this extent finds an amount of work is done in encrypting the text message and also decoding the text. Here the methodology and highlights of contributions, conventions is summarized. In M. Bellare [1] formalized the new cryptographic primitive, Message-Locked Encryption (MLE), where the key under which encryption and decryption are accomplished is itself derived from the message. MLE delivers a method to reach secured duplication (space-efficient secure outsourced storage), an objective currently embattled by numerous cloud-storage providers. On the theoretical side the challenge is standard model explanations, and this technique makes Rig Das et al. [2] performed the Huffman encoding upon the secret message /image and then embedded each of the encrypted bits, the size of Huffman encoded bit stream, Huffman table into the cover image by altering the least significant bit (LSB) of each of the pixels. G.KarthigaiSeivi at al. [3] proposed a technique of finding the edge of the image using the Least-Significant-Bit (LSB) algorithm by employing Laplacian detector, and then data is hidden on center pixels whose blocks are located at the sharper edges. Yam bernJinaChanu at al. [4] describes a short survey on different types of steganography techniques for imagein spatial and transform domains and steganalysis techniques for the detection of secret message in the image in spatial domain by mentioning the strong points and weak points of the techniques. In k. singla et al. [5] proposed a hash based Steganography approach for protected steganography using edge detection. The method accomplishes high embedding capacity and enhances the quality of the encoded image. This technique first detects the edges in the image by well-known canny method and then the hash sort is used to embed the text data in to the edges of the color image. The hash function delivers a secure and fast method for image steganography. InS.Malik, A. Sardana [6] proposed unique methodology A Keyless Approach to Image Encryption without the use of encryption keys. The core idea behind this technique employs Sieving, Separation and Shuffling to produce random portions such that with minimal computation, the original secret image can be recovered from the random portions without any loss of image quality. Ali Daneshkhah et al. in his A More Secure Steganography Method in Spatial Domain [7] paper proposed a technique in which, the two bits of message is embedded in a pixel in a way that not only the Least Significant Bit (LSB) of picture element is allowed to change but also the second bit plane and fourth bit plane are allowed to be manipulated, but the point is in each embedding process only one alternation inone bit plane is allowed to happen. It is compared by the method LSB-Matching, the results shows this S. Sarreshtedari et al. [8] proposed a high capacity method for transform domain image steganography and algorithm works on the wavelet transform coefficients of the original image to embed the secret data byretaining integrity of the wavelet coefficients at high capacity embedding. 3. Algorithm 3.1 Cryptography Algorithm: 3.1.1 Password Matrix: STEP-1: Different password can be chosen for different PT but always it will be reserved 8 characters length. STEP 2: Transformevery single character of the password into its corresponding ASCII value. STEP 3: Convert each ASCII value into its 8 bit binary representation and place them in separate rows to generate a password matrix. 3.1.2 Generation of Auxiliary Keys : STEP 4: For that purpose the diagonal elements of password matrix is chosen as the first auxiliary key AK1, beginning from bottom left corner bit toterminate in top right corner bit. STEP 5: The second auxiliary password AK2 is generated by retaining the 0th bit of AK1 as the 0th bit of AK2 and doing XOR operation between the nth bit and (n+1)th bit of AK1 to obtain (n+1)th bit of AK2. And this process has further carry on for other AKs where from AK2 to AK3 and from AK(n) to AK(n+1) has been got. STEP-6: The number of Auxiliary keys generated depends on the number of letters in the plain text. 3.1.3 Formation of Cipher Text: STEP-7: Choose a plain text of variable length and calculate its length. STEP-8:  Change each character into its ASCII value and then into its equivalent 8 bit binary representation at the end arrange them as a matrix of nx8 where n is size of letters in plain text. STEP-9:  Perform bitwise XOR operation in between the binary values P1, P2, P3,†¦,Pn and the auxiliary keys AK1, AK2, AK3, †¦.,AKn respectively. STEP-10:  Complement the evenposition bits (column no. : 2,4,6,8) of every row of the last transformed value. STEP-11:  Divide the last generated 8 bits values into 4 parts each part having 2 bits, numbering them 1,2,3,4 and now arrange them as 4,2,1,3. STEP-12:  8 bits of each row of the matrix now has to be reversed. STEP-13: At last get our Cipher text 8 bit binary representation and convert it tocorresponding decimal value or the ASCII Value. This text will be transferred. 3.2 Steganography Algorithm: In this paper we have considered a gray scale image first; where we can encrypt the cipher text (encrypted data after cryptography process). At first we calculate the length of the cipher text and converted the text into its corresponding ASCII value. The size of the gray scale image is 256256. STEP-1: Taken the ASCII value cipher text as an input. STEP-2: Calculate the number of ASCII value of cipher text and stored it into a variable CT . STEP-3: Taken a gray scale image with dimension of 2n x 2n. STEP-4: Apply the partial BTB technique on this image with n x n size block matrix and each matrix Contain 2(n-m) x 2(n-m) (where, n = 2m) matrix size. STEP-5: Calculate the number of ASCII value of cipher text and stored it into a variable CT. STEP-6: Now convert the ASCII value of CT to its binary value of 8 digit and for getting ‘1’ from the corresponding binary value of CT the image pixel value has been increased two and also for getting ‘0’ this pixel value has been increase one. STEP-7: Now check the number of digit in CT. If it is less than or equal to n then only the 1st block 1st bit placed into 1st image block (1,1 position ),then 1st block 2nd bit placed into 2nd image block(1,1 position) thus the process will continue less than n (no. of character) or equal to n time. STEP-4: If the no. of character is greater than n then the 8 bit greater positions will be considered or Then the n+1 character 1st block 1st bit placed into 1st image block(8,8 position), 1st block 2ndbit place into 2nd image block (8,8 position) such as 2n+1 character 1st block 1st bit placed into1st image block (16,16 position),1st block 2nd bit placed into 2nd image block(16,16 position),then for 3n+1 characters to 4n (24,24 positions) will be considered and for 4n+1 to 5n (32,32) positions will be considered. STEP-5: This coded image will be transferred to the receiver side. 3.3 Steganalysis Algorithm: At receiver side the reverse technique of the previous method hasto be followed for decaying the image matrix and easily the text will be retrieve by the decryption algorithm. STEP-1: At first we have taken the Stego image that is got from sender side and then collect the original cover image. STEP-2: Compare both image and make a size of 256256 matrix contained the differentiate value of these two images where most of the values are zero excepting some are 2s and 1s. STEP-3: Neglect all those 0 values and arrange the others digits in a separate matrix whose size of column is 8. It is very imperative that the arrangement of the digits must not be hampered from the previous order. STEP-4:After getting the new matrix the number of the row signifies the number of characters present in the CT. STEP-5: Now replace the value of 2 with ‘1’ and 1 with ‘0’ and after that which matrix will be generated this is the 8 bit binary representation of our CT. STEP-6: Now convert the binary value with the corresponding decimal value and got the ASCII value representation of CT. 3.4 Cryptanalysis Algorithm: STEP-1: Generate the PASSWORD MATRIX that was described in the previous section 3.1. STEP-2: As well as create the AUXILARY KEYS from password matrix maintain the same rule followed as 3.1. STEP-3: Taken the ASCII value of Cipher text and convert them as 8 bit binary representation. Arrange the value of bits in nx8 matrix where n = size of CT. STEP-4: Reverse the each 8 bits values of every single row. STEP-5: Divide the last generated 8 bits values into 4 parts each part having 2 bits, numbering them 4,2,1,3 and now arrange them as 1,2,3,4. STEP-6:  Complement the odd bits (column no.:1,3,5,7) of every row of the last transformed value. STEP-7: Perform bitwise XOR operation in between the binary values of last transformed CT1, CT2, CT3,†¦,CTn and the auxiliary keys AK1, AK2, AK3, †¦.,AKn respectively And then got the original P1, P2, P3,†¦.Pn. 4. Example: 4.1 Cryptography Algorithm: Suppose our plain text is EARTH that has to be securely transferred to the receiver side. 4.1.1 Password Matrix: Suppose our 8 letter word password matrix is UNIVERSE= Table 4.1.1: 8 Bit Binary Representation As per mentioned in the algorithm for 5 letter plain text 5 auxiliary key will be formed at first. 4.1.2 Auxiliary Key Formation: After taking bottom left corner to top right corner diagonally elements we will get 01000011. That is AK1. Table: 4.1.2(Formation of auxiliary keys)Table: 4.1.3 (8 bits representation of plain text) Table: 4.1.4 (XOR operation between AKs with plain text)Table 4.1.5(Complement even bit position) Table: 4.1.6 (Rearrangement of columns)Table : 4.1.7(Reverse Each 8 bits of every Row) 4.2 Steganography Algorithm: Consider n = 8 and m = 3. The ASCII value representation of the Cipher text is 8 bit Binary value representation. We have reserved a 256 x 256 size of gray scale image for hiding the bit representation of cipher text, as the distortion of gray scale image is very much less than color image so it is considered. At first we will decompose this image at 8X8 matrix, where each cell of 8X8 matrix will consist 3232 size of matrix. N00 N01 N02 N03 N04 N05 N06 N07 N10 N11 N12 N13 N14 N15 N16 N17 N20 N21 N22 N23 N24 N25 N26 N27 N30 N31 N32 N33 N34 N35 N36 N37 N40 N41 N42 N43 N44 N45 N46 N47 N50 N51 N52 N53 N54 N55 N

Personality of Leader at the Workplace Essay

This paper is a critical discussion about the self-esteem of workers from the perspective of emotional intelligence through the psychoticism personality of leader in the workplace. Discussions are encircling the definition of self-esteem, emotional intelligence and psychoticism trait; impact; challenges and outlooks. In this new millennium, world is increasingly emphasized the development of human capital as a means of human resources in society, religion, race and nation. In fact, the development of human capital should be in line in the physical and material development of the country which is the rapid development is time to time. In the same tone, all employees in a workplace or organization are an entity of human resources should be an ideal capacity of human capital in terms of emotional intelligence in order to produce the quality of output. In short, the leader in the workplace should have a stable emotional intelligence for a good personality trait that can help create a fun work environment, thus increasing the level of employee self-esteem and motivation. However, if the leader was characterized by negative psychoticism trait, it was not only affects the emotion themselves, but also the emotional impact of workers and will be damage the quality of work. Obviously with this situation, the self-esteem among employees is to achieve their optimum level and thus can help achieve the percentage of success in realizing the vision and mission of the organization in particular and the country’s vision in general. The end of this paper will demonstrate the need for all leaders to have the emotional intelligence that is based on the strength of the ideal affective and personality as a catalytic force to help enhance employee self-esteem at the workplace. Key word: Self-esteem, Emotional Intelligence, Psychoticism Personality, Workplace Background Construction of a nation would have no meaning without the function and role of men as citizens to move the process of governance, administration, management, operation and control. The statement on the meaning of a country would not be complete without the combination of the functions of the elements of society and humanity. For a developed nation, it should be in line with the development of human capital in each of its citizens. Supposedly, determining factors of human capital is the main emphasis on knowledge and expertise among the people for creating a developed nation. Clearly, here, human capital or human resources are the most important entity in the organization compared with other sources that involve equipment, materials or procedures. As human beings, too, the human capital of first class is the main driver of the organization and determines success or failure of each vision and the mission of each organization. Human capital is the main man against the backdrop of diverse attitudes and behaviours that are centred on elements of cognitive (mind), affective (feeling) and psychomotor (physical). Along it, in the process of forming the personality, attitude and mentality, people are more heavily influenced by the belief system as a result of the sustained momentum of socialization experiences during her life since childhood. But at the same time, knowledge and expertise and the value entity of the factors are relevant to the variation in the determination of human attitudes and actions in the implementation of the treatment of personal responsibility, families, organizations, communities, religions, races and countries. In a similar vein, the human capital management should be in line with emotional and spiritual dimensions which is face of noble values and personality, nor translated into positive behaviour. In reality, the responsibility for managing human capital and the organization is not a relatively simple matter, especially if it is a multinational organization. The question would then arise whether a manager or a leader worthy to be a model in an effort to strengthening human capital through the trait of dynamic personality. Availability of many issues today have showed the existence of bias in the attitude of a leader of an organization that causes many problems exist between the leaders and the workers which is led to conflicts with the prolonged crisis that could eventually threaten the common aspirations. Similarly, humans created by the presence of important domains within the mind, emotions (soul) and physical. In a series of long, people with high in the minds and thoughts are usually admired by all and made n idol of the diversity of life strategies and the creation of a capability rocked environmental technology. The ability of the constant in the power of intelligent thought possible that the ability of other marginal triggered the empty spaces in a more profound nature and characteristics of emotion, soul and feelings. The gap exists between the mind and soul resulted in the progress of the past provides lessons for a thousand meanings, and refresh it back in the new rhythm and a new breath f or common sense to be appreciated for generations to come. Therefore, emotional intelligence or EQ in the present has start given special attention to the function and role in human life in order to improve the scenario the fact shortcomings, to see the country’s capacity to have a first-class citizen in every aspect. Thus, in this concept paper, the authors will highlight the discussion of the dimensions of psychoticism personality among leaders and the impact towards self-esteem employees through several elements in the emotional intelligence aspect. Stable personality in a person who assumed the leader to give a significant impact on the level of self-esteem workers also will affect the climate and working environment for the production of quality work that is more focused and based on ethical values and practices are in line with the personal universal human  and humanities. Strong personalities at the leaders will help the leaders in the governing of human capital more effectively and the objectives of the course will be easy to achieve it together. Purpose of Study The purpose of this study is to explore and discusses the influence of leader personality from the perspective of emotional intelligence (EQ) on employee self-esteem at workplace. This study was investigates too about the personality of leader which have a significant impact on the employee self-esteem and the way we discuss it is by the element of emotional intelligence aspect. Then we will see too how the psychoticism personality among leader will be impact to the employee self-esteem at the workplace. Conceptual of Self-esteem The appreciation or self is part of the elements in the concept of self-esteem where the judge is a part of you. In simple language, self-esteem also means that the extent of an individual is receiving, a love and respects them. Thus, self-esteem have close relationship with the extent of an individual is putting himself in a situation that feels that he is appreciated by others or not. In general, the availability of some models that is detailed in an effort to clarify questions about the aspects and causes the formation of high self-appreciation. Self-esteem has three main models of the affective model, a model of cognitive and sociological models. Self-esteem is also closely linked to elements of self-concept which exists in every individual human being when one sees himself through the subconscious mind self-concept is developed from childhood to become a significant element in the formation of self-esteem adulthood. Abraham Maslow put the needs of their own self-esteem at the fourth level in the hierarchy needs to be fulfilled human life after a level-lower level needs first obtained. The existence of some facts that show the problems arising between the leaders and employees in the workplace so that employees are not motivated and result in low self-esteem (Kenneth, 2010). The effect is also working to provide optimal cooperation in the organization and will eventually provide a better variety of problems including the problem of interpersonal and intrapersonal issues. Communication and interaction within the organization is loose because a variety of prejudices that complicates many of the jerks interfere with the main focus of the work. Its relationship to the discussion here is to explore the employee’s self-esteem from the perspective of emotional intelligence that exists in the personality of the leader. It is well to emphasize the importance of each leader has a strong emotional intelligence in personality as a leader to help enhance the employees self-esteem in the workplace. Conceptual of Emotional Intelligence (EQ) From the terminology of psychology, emotions, the same age with the duration of the ages in the discussion about the scope and review of various studies both in terms of function and importance, although not directly talk about the concept of emotional intelligence. Emotions are also seen as the main branch in the domain of human education and it also a peg which allows complete in every moment of human existence is more meaningful to the embroider of variations of breath feeling sad, happy, joy and calm in the heart. When the terms of the emotional intelligence starts to take place in results and scholarly writings and discussions about the needs assessment is as important as intellectual intelligence, the world has accepted the fact that for a man who managed the successful expression of true, not only requires the intellectual quotient but also the need for emotional intelligence elements arranged in various categories. Although all human beings are born has a heart and feelings, but not all dimensions of the heart is able to handle mold really is the nature of humanity in total. It is synonymous with the words of Plato’s expression of â€Å"emotion is only held by men, but not all people have the humanity†. When the emotional focus as an important element in human life, then was exist the term of emotional intelligence (EQ). Emotional intelligence is seen as a set of emotional and mental skills that help each individual to identify and understand their own feelings and the feelings of others. Emotional intelligence will be able to help improve the ability of each individual to control his. Emotions are the strong feelings in people (such as sadness, anger, etc. . According to Oxford Advanced Learners’ Dictionary (2000), there was state that emotion is a strong feeling, and contains a variety of feelings such as love, joy, hate, fear, jealousy, feelings of excitement and disturbance. The Oxford American Dictionary (1999) describes as feeling a strong emotion of the particular aspects of mental and instinct. According to Goleman (1995), em otional quotient (EQ) is the ability to monitor personal emotions and other emotions, to distinguish the good, and to use the information to help the mind and the actions of a person. In 1996, the Goleman said that emotional intelligence (EQ) is one’s ability to understand his own feelings and use them to make effective decisions in everyday life. Next is the opinion of Thorndike (1920), human emotional intelligence is related to the concept of social intelligence. Thorndike (1920) defines social intelligence as the human ability to understand and manage men, women and children to communicate effectively in human relations. He also has the emotional intelligence to categorize two main parts, namely interpersonal (emotional contact with others) and intrapersonal (emotional connection with the relationship with yourself). Emotional intelligence can also be interpreted as a kind of social intelligence is responsible for controlling one, and a range of emotions, to discriminate against these emotions and use the information to control thought and an action (Mayer et al. , 1993:433). Based of opinion Mayer et al. , (1990), the interpersonal and intrapersonal emotional intelligence is categorized into five major domains that recognize the self, emotional self-management, self-motivation, and empathy and handling relationships effectively. Empathy and handling relationships effectively are categorized in three others, while interpersonal intelligence is to know you; to manage emotions and motivate myself in that category is intrapersonal. In short, the discussion here also takes elements of emotional intelligence (EQ) as the base that serves as a perspective on the influence of leader personality on self-esteem of employees in the workplace. For that, a model of emotional intelligence (EQ) has been explored based on the Four Branch Model of Mayer ; Salovey (1990), which is namely: O Identifying Emotions O Using Emotions O Understanding Emotions O Managing Emotions Emotional Intelligence from the Islamic Perspective Emotions are really closely linked to human psychology. In the Qur’an, has been called more about human emotions as well as in the hadith of the Prophet. Revealed a range of emotions that includes positive and negative emotions was as a guide for the people and the teachings of Islam. Through the Islamic perspective, emotional intelligence is actually more to the process of cleansing the liver. Essential to maintain care not to foul and not damaged very much required in religion as a clean heart is the spiritual food for the Holy Spirit. With a good heart, it emerged that both the value of emotional intelligence. Heart will be dirty when people commit sin so that it became black and dark hearts. Damage to the human soul and conscience will eventually lead to personality, attitudes and negative behavior that is inconsistent with the nature of the purity of human beings. As a result, people who do not learn anything from his life is said to have been suffered blindness in her eyes, but also deaf ears not wanting to listen to the teachings of the good. Obviously here, the emotional intelligence is closely related to religious values. What’s more it is linked to the spiritual nature of spiritual intelligence. The position of spiritual intelligence actually is it on the high when people trying to maintain its relationship with God, while the intellectual and emotional intelligence will bring people to keep in touch with himself, other humans and the environment. Even God Almighty also says in Surah Ash-Shams (91:8-10), which means; â€Å"He inspired the soul of wickedness and piety, and lucky for the purified, loss for the muss. Consistent with this discussion paper, the question of emotional intelligence is important in terms of underlying the leader personality or character in the workplace that will be assumed can help enhance employee self-esteem. Conceptual of Personality Every human being has value and the pattern of her own personality. Personality, also known as general it can be construed as a symbol of the personali ty characteristics of individuals who bring different characteristics to other individual. Personality refers to an individual’s psychological development as a whole. Even the personality of an individual is also reflected by tendency to behave in a certain way. It was covering various aspects such as temperament, intelligence, sentiments, attitudes, interests, beliefs, ideals and values. According to Mahmood (1992), personality traits are available on an individual, such as thinking, acting, emotional, and perceived others to enable different from other people. The discovery of psychological researchers on personality characteristics found in humans is too many, for example, Allport (1937) who discovered the human personality trait of 17,953. Some of them such as locus of control, achievement motivation, authoritarianism, mechiavellisnisme and self-esteem are the personality characteristics that affect work behaviors (Ishak, 2004). The type of personality that exists in every individual human being is the nature and diversity is shown through various studies-trait of human personality. Allport (1937) view of human personality is the result of a combination of biology and environment, while the inherited characteristics are shaped by individual experience. In short personality is an organization that has the character, temperament, intellectual, physical, thinking, feeling and behavior. From an Islamic perspective, personality is defined as a ‘personality or character in general is’. Morals are divided into two types: praiseworthy character or moral misconduct (Shahabudin & Rohizani, 2002). Both types include a two-dimensional character of this same any outward or inward. The ostensible morality could be seen and measured from outside while the inner character is implicit in the liver, but it will eventually evolves through changes in behavior. For an ideal personality, Islam emphasizes the balance between body and soul and enhanced physical health with diet and lifestyle. Similarly here, the heart of souls in need of spiritual food, a practice as a servant to God by doing everything asked of God and leave all that forbidden and with the glory of the practice, the nature of a servant to remove the negative sense of pride that the behavior is manifested as a highly moral. Thus, Islam has stressed the importance of these two types of probation is appropriate to the nature of man’s creation by God that man was created from the spiritual and physical elements, and very closely linked. For the Muslims, the best character models are supposed to be an idol and an example is the character of the Prophet Muhammad as a Prophet sent by God to edify his people. As expressed by Saidatina Aisyah when asked about the Prophet’s morals, â€Å"his character was the Qur’an. † It is clear here, all aspects of lifestyle perfection of Islam are embodied and more taught by the Holy Qur’an and it is translated through the character of Prophet Muhammad for guidance and follow the final days of race. In this case, the interpretation placed on probation, either the inner or outer simultaneously and has a very clear relationship with the heart that the attitude of a man. Moral evil is caused by impurities in the human heart itself. This is consistent with what was spoken by the Prophet which is means; â€Å"In the cavity of the sons of Adam, there is a piece of meat. If the meat is good, then let all his body. If the meat is bad, then his body was evil. Know you that the meat is the heart† (Hadith narrated Bukhari & Muslim). Dimension of Psychoticism Personality According the Theory of Hans Jurgen Eysenck One of the personality trait that psychologist find in the human personality is called psychoticism. One of them is Hans Jurgen Eysenck. Eysenck was known as a leading individual in the modern psychology of personality typology in the 20th century and suggests that the human personality would be great to understand if the hierarchy that consists of behaviour and sets the overall behaviour and important personalities. Eysenck strongly believe that the whole basis of personality traits derived from the seed, in the form of types and traits. He also believes that the behaviour learned  from the environment. According to  him, the personality is an overall pattern of actual and potential behaviour of organisms, as determined by heredity and environment. The pattern of behaviour that originated and developed through the functional interaction of the four major sectors that regulate behaviour, namely the cognitive (intelligence), the conative (character), the affective (temperament), the somatic (constitution). Eysenck has found three types of dimensions which are known as extraversion (E), neuroticism (N), and psychoticism (P), better known as PEN. Each dimension is different from each other and foreigners, until they can be combined freely between dimensions. Psychoticism can be combined together with neuroticism and extraversion, a three-dimensional shape. At first, he just highlights extraversion personality dimensions and neuroticism. But after doing research in a mental institution in England, he later discovered the psychoticism personality dimensions. Like neuroticism, high psychoticism not mean that people are psychotic or natural to be like that, but it only shows part of the common characteristics found in the psychotic and the possibility of a person is more exposed to the environment that can cause it to become psychotic. However, it is possible also to those who have the personality to be exposed to the psychotic failure continues to be controlled from more chronic. Each type in the dimensions obtained by the Eysenck personality theory  is a collection of nine traits, until it has a total of 27 traits. Traits of psychoticism are: aggressive, cold, egocentric, impersonal, impulsivity (impulsive), antisocial, no empathy (unempathy), hard hearts (tough-minded). For the individual human being has a relatively high score psychoticism found by Eysenck traits often have a fairly aggressive, cold, egocentric, not personal, impulsive, antisocial, no empathy, creative and hard-hearted (same with above). But those who score   relatively low  psychoticism  is  a trait, such as treating like, kind, warm, attentive, friendly, quiet, very social, empathic, cooperative and patient. Like in the extrovert and neuroticism, psychoticism has great genetic elements. Overall,  by the analysis of Eysenck,  three-dimensional character is a 75% hereditary and only 25% are caused by the environment. As in neuroticism, psychoticism also follows the model of stress-compensation  (diathesis-stress model). Once again stressed that the high level psychoticism should not be a psychotic, but they have the potential to suffer from stress and psychotic disorders. At the time of the individual human being only suffer low stress,  high scores psychoticism  may still be able to function normally. However, when the stress is relatively heavy, an individual who has become psychotic are difficult to return to normal. Special focus in the discussion  of this concept  paper  is to trace the impact of personality traits that have psychoticism among the leaders towards employee’s self-esteem in the workplace through the perspective of emotional intelligence. In short, between emotional intelligence and personality or character s obviously a very solid relationship. Therefore, the leaders of a leading character certainly have a high level of emotional intelligence and are able to create a climate that is more positive and able to master a respected and emulated by its employees in the workplace. Even the leader of this will always be more sensitive to the feelings of his employees to be able to perform the best for themselves, others and the organization. Here is a diagram to show a summary of ideas within a conceptual framework discussed in this paper. pic] Impact Dimensions of Psychoticism Personality among Leader towards Employee Self-Esteem This talk will trace some elements of psychoticism personality centred on the leader and what the extent that could impact on employee’s self-esteem in the workplace. Dimensions of psychoticism discussed are looking from the negative aspects of personality that needs to be changed to a more positive behaviour among leaders to help increase the level of employee self-esteem. The Impact of Aggressive Personality Aggressive personality is one of the personality traits that exist in the personality psychoticism. In line with this issue, Baron and Newman (1996) have established a three-factor model of aggression in the workplace is the leader of feelings of hostility, and aggressive policy prevents openly. While Ryan and Oestreich (1991) also provides a model category, such as rough treatment, insulted, ignored, denounce, discredit, did not appreciate, the aggressive control of other people, making threats against workers, shouting, anger, temper and could potentially harm the physical. In fact, several studies on the existence of an aggressive personality among the leaders of the workers in the workplace also see the existence of aggressive behaviour in non-verbal and verbal. In summary, the characteristics of the nature of an aggressive leader too when the leader is also very critical of the worker, very strong, brave, do not like being manipulated and very frank manner that is not appropriate for employees in the workplace. Leader shall also have such a feeling aggressive as always feel superior to him, priority rights and self-interest, vindictive, ill-tempered and likes to discourage other people or employees. Associated with the scenarios in the workplace, aggressive leader who often acts as aggression, often with the employee, tempered and does not respect the workers will lead to employee frustration and low self-esteem is easy to feel at once will affect employee motivation. It is supposed to be leaders must ensure that as leaders, they need to reflect themselves about how far their personality when dealing with employees who are not necessarily a personality that far-fetched but it would have been a character, attitude, behaviour and way of thinking that is consistent in every situation as a positive personal. In exploring these issues, the authors also explore the reality that exists in relation to the scene saw several organizations in the past and present. Bruce & Adam (2007) in their book entitled  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢30 Reasons Employees Hate Their Manager’ have  written their book with a source-based view of the statistics more than 50,000 employees from 65 organizations through  The Discovery Surveys, Inc. ’s Normative Database  (since 1993). All respondents were from manufacturing industries and service organizations, and contain a variety of sizes as small as 150 people up to 5000 workers. The majority are from the U. S. companies and there is also a worker in another country. The study found that 46% of employees believe that management treats them with disrespect. Another study is by Abd. Ghani et al. (2008), found between the results of their qualitative research is the leader body language often shows non-verbal behaviour of rude and offensive. That caused the respondents experienced feelings of shock, disorientation and confusion at the very early stages. In line with these studies, for example, characters of the leader characteristics of an aggressive personality more in fact that is also invited negative reactions from employees and even affect employee self-esteem turn affected the quality of work. Most effects were encircling the emotional impact among workers who contributed to the workers in a constantly fear, anxiety and chronic embarrassment just because the face of aggressive leaders. The Impact of Egocentric Personality The next dimension is egocentric personality that leads to the question of the leader character is very selfish and always felt that his right until fail to become leaders who can listen to any complaints and feelings of employees. The attitude of the head of such a situation is certainly easy to invite rejection of support among the workers on the head itself so that it can affect the working climate of harmony in the workplace. Often a leader or manager at work are forgot to put the interests of workers as employees when in fact the main organization is the human capital to realize its vision and mission. However, due to the character of leaders who would prefer to just focus on his own circle without considering the employees emotional, mental and potential in question and make a formal decision or determination of the direction task, the employee will ultimately result in less focused and less interested in the job. Certainly this situation also stems from a sense of self-esteem workers have deteriorated over the attitude of leaders who failed to put the employee as a valued employee. The scenario is consistent with the findings statistically by Bruce & Adam (2007) which showed 52% of employees felt free to voice their opinions openly. In fact, 66% of employees were told that management did not want to hear their words and about 67% of respondents also said that the management failed to act on the advice of staff. The study shows that there is a direct nature egocentric character is when the head does not leave room for employees to express their opinions and feelings about work and working environment, and do not want to take into account the views of workers in decision-making process. It is probable that the egocentric leaders also felt the staffs were too naive at the same time shows that the leader was look down the employee’s capability. Leaders also are more concerned what are they think and plan itself for no consideration for the employees think and hope is. The Impact of No Empathy Personality Leader personality was not empathy is the reason to the level of self-esteem of workers could be affected so that it can provide a major impact on the loss of self-respect and lose confidence in them (Abd. Ghani, 2008). Should begin with a sense of empathy  to understand the emotional process in which the leader began to think why he and others so emotional. Leader may also be involved in the equality of thinking to reflect the recommendations of the capacity to analyse emotions. These conditions include a dictionary to understand the emotions and attitudes on a combination of emotional, progress and the transition from self to others. Circumstances that indicate the level of empathy plays an important role. Leader should do the simulations he need to try to put himself in others shoes to understand their emotions. In short, leaders who have high empathy are the ability to understand complex emotions and emotional chains and how the emotion is changed at every level. It is the same scenario at work that very much need every leader to have a sense of empathy for workers to head to penetrate the heart and the circumstances of each employee and will not misunderstand, then think that one can be prejudicial to relations within the organization. In fact, empathy of leader impact will be absorbed among the workers so that workers can strengthen their self-esteem and to cultivate empathic behaviour with colleagues. The need for leaders to understand the emotions is also important for employees to communicate emotional meaning. If the leader is able to understand about the tide, ebb and flow of emotion, the leader should also be able to anticipate what might happen in the future with some reasons. Thus, no presumption would arise that bad for workers and leaders also should be able to predict whether the employee may be felt as a result of its success has a lot of emotion in his own treasury. Leader also is able to understand the emotional conflicts of employees to address the various problems that may arise in the workplace. Even if leaders do not have the characteristics of empathy, it is possible to arise various problems such as loss of respect for workers on the head, feel hate, anger and resentment that may affect the unstoppable so focused on work as well as providing a significant impact on self-esteem of workers. In fact, it may not be up to the issue as a teacher in Kedah is hurting his boss of the way of punching and kicking (Utusan Malaysia Online, 27 April 2011) which became a symbol of the long pent-up anger, which most likely also arise for a variety of taste is not satisfied since the early stages. The Impact of Anti-Social Personality Through anti-social personality dimensions, was found people with these personality types are more likely to comport with the regulations ignore the moral and ethical standards that exist in society and the global demand. Although on the face of an individual who has seen active and the personalities of others is often acceptable, but the fact that individuals prefer to manipulate and exploit others, and often violate the law, often took advantage and never feel guilty. Even individuals with anti-social personality traits will also be doing things without considering the feelings of others, rather impulsive and difficult to deal with failure as the feeling that everything they do will not fail. According Cleckly (1976), anti-social people with the disease is usually easy to get bored with something or the state but they have a strong feeling to find something new. They can make a good first impression. A person who anti-social personality is without consciousness looks like scary or damaging other people to satisfy his own feelings. They are smart to influence others to think that they are normal people although they do not actually have a mature mind, the establishment of a wobbly, and ignored the convenience and interests of others. In an environment in the workplace, it is possible that there is often a problem to be the leader characteristics such as anti-social like the ability to exploit workers or often take advantage of the naivety and the acquiescence of its employees. The study by Abd Ghani et al. 2008) shows that the dysfunctional behaviour that exist among school principals as the school chief example is when they are often given the task demands and workload rather excessive and unreasonable. Even the head of such an attitude also shows no sense of respect for employees and free to do what is liked without thinking of working conditions are physically and emotionally. It can be seen by respondent’s statement in an interview like the following: â€Å"†¦ There when he asked for the work u ntil 4. 00 pm. After that came the night is just to the expiration of all the work. There, he was asked to come on Saturday to finish the work. We feel depressed †¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Source: G3) â€Å"†¦ The way he made the decision was autocratic. He decided him just go willingly. Select a person he will, too. No one dared to ask †¦ † (Source: G4) â€Å"†¦ I am always afraid when the principal walk near corridors of the class I teach. I’m so stiff, new kinds of teaching out of fear for one. Sometimes the idea stuck. The voice was stuck too. I am really tension when he was last. My relationships with students are also affected. A lot of punishment than praise †¦ † (Source: G3) â€Å"†¦ My tension is not finished until the last meal. Back home I tried to sleep but I always could not sleep for thinking of the events at the school †¦ † (Source: G8) Quite clearly through the examples in this interview, how the character of their leader have gave a big impact on their physical and emotional development as an employee. Therefore, it is no doubt that the head of the anti-social personality as above is also an impact on employee self-esteem where workers also have a sense of reality and not a robot. Through the study of  Bruce & Adam (2007) in various organizations industry found that a total of 7 of 10 employees said that there was no correlation between the wages they receive with the performance. This means they have to work hard with a lot of dumping duties would be but a little salary. In fact, 61% of respondents are not satisfied with the salaries that they have receive are not commensurate with the perceived power of sweat they have to offer. This once again implies that the head was exploiting their workers and the excessive use of labour. Leader also forget that workers are also uman beings who need rewards commensurate with what is done, both in terms of the money, what more in terms of motivation and reward nor recognition of self as a gift, a certificate and recognition like ‘the best employee for the month’, and for that employee self-esteem can be improved in line with the increased quality of work. But the failure of leaders to appreciate the importance of the end result is too many shortcomings in terms of physical, emotional and minds among the workers and their impact in the long term. The Influence of Emotional Intelligence (EQ) towards Self-Esteem of Employee through the Personality of Leader The question of the interpretation of emotional intelligence has clearly shown that the existence of elements of cleansing the soul that led to the positive characteristics and values are translated to the personality and should be applied in everyday life that underlies the patterns of life. Together, the efforts to strengthen the emotional intelligence of individuals should not be considered silent because it is the main frame in order to strengthen other aspects of nature and transformed by the behavior and establish a more dominant personality with emotional intelligence. In this discussion is accounted for dimensions that can help enhance employee self-esteem through the dynamic personality of the leader in the workplace that should be more consistent, compare than psychoticism personality which is more to unstable. Discussed below is on the basis of the Four Branch Model of Mayer & Salovey (1990) and the association. i. Identifying Emotions Individuals will begin to see, perceive and identify emotions shape whether sad, happy or scared at one time, including the stimulation of the environment in terms of the human voice, storytelling, music and the arts in this first stage process. When the individual is more focused on the emotion itself, this dimension is closely related to awareness of a great emotional blow will enable the individual to also be thinking about things that may arise in the emotions of others. Usually this happens when there is a level that would stimulate the emotions that make the individual will begin to respond. Relevance to the scene leader and worker in the workplace is where the leader is able to identify her own emotions and her employee emotions. Personality is always sensitive to the leader around what more sensitive to the feelings and emotions of employees will more easily enable leaders to identify what employees are feeling, when he also able to recognize his own feelings. Key words in this first process are appropriate when there is awareness of their own emotions and emotions of others. Leader should know how to find and label their own feelings and the feelings of workers accurately, if he wants to better understand themselves and others. When the leader is always trying to find out how they feel, they would be more aware of the increase and shift every sense. This is important for a leader track and figure out whether the employee was disappointed because of the situation caused by the A or B. With that ability, the leader would be able to talk about feelings and the leader can also indicate his own feelings at the same time be able to detect any change in his feelings that exist both in the environment. Indirectly, the personalities of these leaders will make employees feel valued, understood and respected. It is also an early indicator of the workers that their leaders can pave the way for discussion if the employee is found to have any problems. Consequently, the worker will be able to self-esteem improved since been directly affected by the personality of leaders who have the characteristics of a strong emotional intelligence. In fact, workers will also be more motivated to work together and strive to produce better quality work. Quite clearly, the functions and roles of leaders in the workplace are very important in influencing the emotions of employees to give effect to the level of employee self-esteem. ii. Using Emotions The second stage is the part that shows the individual uses as a medium of emotion and reason on his mind in connection with a matter of rational, logical and creative. Using emotions may require the ability to use feelings to help some of the cognitive effort as the reason, problem solving, decision making and interpersonal communication. Emotions can create a variety of mental set that proved to be more or less adjusted to the different types of ground work. With a discussion of the relevance of this process here is where the leader will start to focus his thoughts on the situation whether the attention, focus or motivation. Then head to the suitability of emotions associated with the situation and the leader that has the characteristics of this skill in his personality will be more creative, motivating and inspiring employees and not selfish. Even the leaders who have the emotional skills will also be using emotion as a day to increase thinking. Then supposedly leader will feel the emotions first before thinking to interpret what you can before you act. Of course this is in line with what is emphasized in Islam when it is said that the heart and soul is the priority in disclosing behavior and personality. Therefore, it should be emotional and heart is an entity that is positive and good values for the formation of behavior is also positive and generous. In the same tone, emotion is able to strengthen the mind as the emotional mind working with a more unique method. Emotions can help to improve human thinking and problem solving skills to make decisions (Schwarz N. , 2002). Even the leaders are also able to constantly motivate the employees either directly or indirectly, and motivate employees to be smart to handle the negative emotions with a systematic method of thinking through the best sense of God’s grace in solving problems while working to change the medium to more positive emotions. The momentum of the self will certainly strengthen the emotions, mentality and personality to become more excited and motivated to face any situation but also able to find solutions that are more relevant when dealing with any problems through the exploration of a wise and prudent. In Islam it has stressed that we need to work hard and try as though we will live longer, at the same time we also need to diligently serve God as if we were to die tomorrow. This expression should be a motivation to everyone if they can understand, appreciate and contemplate the meaning behind them. Al-Ghazali discusses the motivation for this question in terms of intention and desire to do something before (Sa’id, 2008). Whenever a person has a goal and vision to do something, and then followed that action will realize the good intentions that are targeted to become a reality. With the strengthening of self-motivation, the leaders and workers will be clearer with the direction and goals in life. Vision and mission in the struggle to achieve success will always be a platform based on the spirit of self that is never give up to continue. Motivated individuals who are symbols of people who strove to achieve the objectives of not abandon the question of personal ethics and moral values and universal symbol of character strength. For the leader, no was losses to always provide external power and motivation to employees. Each byte has a meaning of its own word and employees can feel the strength that allows them to learn independently to achieve organizational goals in life in general and specifically. Awards are given in many forms though to a minimum is very important because it enables them to believe that by behaving positively and produce quality work will continue to allow them accepted and respected by leaders and colleagues. But in the context of this neglect will cause employees to assess the human leader as a failure to help make them fun to work. This is consistent with the statistical findings by Bruce & Adam (2007) showed that 53% of workers have said that employers or their bosses did not positively motivate them to work. iii. Understanding Emotions The third stage is to understand the emotional process in which individuals begin to think why he and others so emotional. Individuals may also be involved in the equality of thinking to reflect the recommendations of the capacity to analyze emotions. These conditions include a dictionary to understand the emotions and attitudes on a combination of emotional, progress and the transition from self to others. At this stage, the level of empathy plays an important role. Individuals are trying to put themselves in others to understand their emotions. In short, individuals are also able to understand complex emotions and emotional chains and how the emotion is changed at every level. It is the same scenario at work that very much need every leader to have a sense of empathy for workers to be more to dive into the heart and the circumstances of each employee and will not misunderstand, and think that one can be prejudicial to relations within the organization. In fact, empathy is the impact will be absorbed among the workers so that workers can strengthen their self-esteem and to cultivate empathic behavior with colleagues. The need for leaders to understand the emotions is also important for employees to communicate emotional meaning. If the leader is able to understand about the tide, ebb and flow of emotion, the leader should also know what might happen in the future, when able to predict and anticipate with some reasons. Thus, no presumption would arise that bad for workers and leaders also should be able to predict whether the employee may be felt as a result of its success has a lot of emotion in his own treasury. Leader also is able to understand the emotional conflicts of employees to address the various problems that may arise in the workplace. It is also to prevent the existence of too many ‘red tape’ which can jerk the interaction between workers and leaders. If this can be overcome by the head, then will likely reduce the percentage of 53% which reflects the assessment of workers detected the presence of ‘red tape’ in the organization through a study (Bruce & Adam, 2007). iv. Managing Emotions This is the last stage in this model. The process at this stage refers to the ability of individuals to control and manage their emotions and others. When managing their own feelings, we should monitor, differentiate, and label our feelings exactly. Some people certainly have more or less effective in helping another person to deal with emotions. For example, some individuals often know things that ought to say, to motivate colleagues and to provide inspiration to others. At this level, ability to control themselves and manage themselves should be considered. Things are quite important to ensure that decisions and actions made ased on emotion and logic in order to get results. Emotional management also includes the ability to manage and control the tremendous emotional when threatened to hurt feelings, whether physical, mental or emotional. Control emotions to create an individual right that can interact and communicate better with others. Positive emotions as a catalyst for positive thoughts and emotions can be controlled from a more emotional when the mind to think in a more rational. Leader should be able to apply the personality and the best model for its employees living, admire and emulate. The success of the leader emotions that enable employees to handle these problems with more wisdom and parenting dimensions would produce a very dynamic effect but also help enhance employee self-esteem. Leader which is honest, interact and guiding employees also must be met for better work and be able to realize the objectives of the organization together. Strength in social skills is also the leader or worker to understand the other person with the ability to translate one’s feelings appropriately as a marker that he understood and accepted in the interaction or communication. Every facial expression or body language should be easily understandable for the interactions that are meaningful. However, the leader who failed to manage and regulate their emotions will be seen by employees as a hot-tempered, selfish and arrogant. Unstable of emotion on the leader like this is often just want to achieve the objective of making decisions without emotion will usually fail to see the ‘forest for the trees’ (Salovey & Caruso, 2004). Current Challenges and Outlooks Searching questions on psychoticism personality among leaders, giving emotional impact on employees has been brought to  us about the reality that there are many phenomena that affect the workers, nor the emotion and character evolution in the self-chief himself. The phenomenon that exists from time to time, so without us realizing, problems at work that involves the interaction and relationship between leaders and employees is not an issue we can look trivial and is not an isolated issue. In fact it is a string of evidence and the space to the world organization and the industry to do further research efforts in the on-going cover the emotional, mental and physical leaders and workers. Nor should the situation  arise,  such as ‘the storks’ a  fun one-blame, and if the results are biased to leaders perception toward employees is different from the results of employees’ perception toward leaders which is always contra. Instead it is necessary to look at the question from multi-dimensional framework of fair and transparent of thought through a comparison of data and the actual argument that can be strengthened. These issues demonstrate the continuity of the discussion of challenges and expectations that work on the positive and negative dimensions through several findings phenomenon. Among them is the actual scenario of workers who are victims of a leader or an employer fairly brutal causing clinical depression for 41% of victims, referring to a study by Bullybusters. org the online in Benicia, Canada is seeing the reality of abuse in the workplace. The problem of bullying is indeed a sense claimed self-belief, self-confidence and respect among employees who are victims but also provides the physical symptoms of various diseases such as sleep disorders, ulcers, high blood pressure, loss of creativity and probably also suffered post-traumatic stress disorder (Kenneth,  2010). Kenneth (2010) also explained that after 20 years of research and results of 60,000 interviews conducted, then Saratoga Institute*  reports that 80% acknowledged the existence of a direct correlation of dissatisfaction in the relationship between the leader of the employee or employer. Referring also review the Gallup Organization about the recent reality of the one million workers, one of the reasons most people leave work was because the employer at the workplace. There are other studies by the Gallup also found that the management is very weak in 50% average 44% less productive and less profitable than operating a nicer group. According to Marie (1998), the results of a study found 89% of managers believe that employees leave a job or keep working it is because of money. But in a study by Leigh (2005) with the cooperation with the Saratoga Institute found that as many as about 20,000 workers from 18 industries and from various other studies to detect as many as 80 to 90% of workers leaving the job is not for the reason of money. Then the argument was more focused on job factors, factors manager or leader, work culture and environment. Next Chapman (2006) explains there are studies conducted by the  Chartered Institute of Management  of stress and health at work among professionals. Results showed that anger and lack of humour among themselves while working to contribute to the stress in the workplace. Such a situation is certainly affecting the performance of the business of the institute. The study also concluded that the humour serves to produce  a good  mood,  staff, and inspired works of high and thus reduces the stress in the workplace. Stress at work can kill the staff and the organization itself (Granirer, 1999 in the Wan Zanariah, 2007). Then the study by the Ministry of Health in Malaysia has been estimated that a highlight of every 10 persons found to be psychotic problems (Zulkifli, 2007 in the Wan Zanariah, 2007). Truly a work environment that is less comfortable and dissatisfaction in the work may also lead to mental problems. This situation involves stress, depression, sadness and so was able to kill people slowly (Granirer, 1999 in the Wan Zanariah, 2007). The above findings clearly reflect the actual scenario which is inherent and challenges in the workplace in the past, present or future time-as long as there had been no shift in the transformation of human governance. That is the challenge that must be addressed and the opportunity for each organization will always detect such problems than to wander. It is quite clear also that the ability of a leader is to drive the workers under its operation as a strong group of organizations is not just solely depend on the revenue sources of the highest quality labour, but they also need to ensure that emotional labour should also be in a stable condition for it is closely related to the ability to focus totally on the production of better quality work. Any problems that exist should be faced with the emotional stability and rational thinking through the ideal personality and emotional intelligence are intact. Certainly, workers are also human as the leader that also has a limitation of emotion and energy that cannot use by the leader without any restrictions. Along with that, is to be hoped that every leader in the workplace must ensure and need to their return to assess on their personality and character which should be more positive, what could they also be in and the same time they are also is an employee to the management of more high at the top. Although the head line is from the different background, experiences and qualifications when at the same time they are as an employee and at the same time, they also are the leader for workers which are under their lines. Therefore, they should be more understanding of feelings as an employee and their strengths are quite different from the workers because they can explore and feel the feelings as leader too. There is also the leader are supposed to be more empathetic and need to easily detect the need to manage the climate in the workplace in line with the needs that are not set aside the question of humanity. If the leader fails to change its own personality and character to an acceptable, it is likely that the leader himself will continue to face various problems associated with extreme emotions such as anger; stress, frustration, suspicion and paranoid to the next stage would be detrimental to self-itself with physical ailments like heart disease, high blood pressure and stroke. There is always the element of peace of mind needs to be enhanced by cleaning the soul within every leader is necessary to help shape the work environment to a more harmonious and also make workers more motivated to work with. Self-esteem of employees would rise and can help the organization to achieve the aspirations and objectives by work together, so it will be easier to make it reality for all of the aim. Conclusion For the conclusions, dimensional stability of personality in psychoticism elements that must be more positive through the perspective of emotional intelligence  among  leaders is to be the main catalysts that can help enhance employee self-esteem thereby increasing the motivation and the quality of their work. Leader also plays an important role to implement the elements of a positive character in the style of leadership to become a habit and can be appreciated by both the employee as a medium to give them a high level of motivation in the dimensions of self-possession of self-esteem. By having the robustness of the emotional and mental aspects, each employee will also have the personality and behaviour that is consistent with the demands of human nature to live harmoniously in all circumstances. Obviously this will also help reduce the stress suffered as a esult of the routine and work load is getting worse especially plus the coupled with commitment and responsibility at home. Emotional stability will enable employees to work with leaders to produce a better quality of work output as well as providing an ideal joy in interaction with the environment, including with the family and community. This connection makes the rhythm of psychology between employees and leaders are to become more dy namic and capable of achieving a healthy lifestyle that helps the stability of the social dimension of socialization. Strength of the affective through the practice of moral values will enable the community has triggered not just a first class facilities, but also have the first-class personalities and competent superior in terms of communication, appearance, knowledge, soul and mind so that it is possible to re-emerge as a nation people who admired and full of social, economic, scientific expertise as well as the continuity of human civilization glorious past, present and future. Success should also be as a bridge in order to achieve success and happiness in the Hereafter is more immortal forever. Certainly also the leader should be the best model for the workers so that they can become the main alternative in dealing with issues of interaction and communication problems in the workplace between leaders and employees. In conclusion, employee self-esteem should be more enhanced and establish the dominant function of the leader by the dynamics personality through human governance practices with more systematic and based on values that can be translated in the affective behaviour in the form acceptable to the organization, and so on in the community and the country.

Awareness about the Energy Sources of the World Essay

Energy supply refers to the process of combining resources through natural or artificial means in order to manipulate energy and use it for several human applications. Energy simply describes the ability of a matter to perform work. From an economist point of view, energy dictates the evolution of industries and civilizations in the world thus, a country’s economy largely depends on its production and utilization. Some of the common energy sources are the geothermal energy, the wind energy, the solar energy and the water energy. Geothermal energy is the heat that came from the earth’s core. This large amount of energy is usually collected through drilling of wells beneath the earth’s surface and converted to electricity by turbines and generators. Wind energy is described by the power produced by blowing winds which is collected by a spinning rotor and converted into mechanical energy. Solar energy is the heat radiation that came from the sun travels to the Earth in the form of photons. Water energy is the power generated by hydraulic turbines from the extensive fall of water from a higher surface to a lower ground (Yergin, 2007). Energy sources can primarily be classified as renewable and non-renewable. Renewable sources refer to the resources that can be easily replaced by natural processes after using them while the non-renewable resources are those that can be depleted since they can only be replaced after a very long period of time. Examples of renewable sources are the solar energy and water energy. Petroleum that comes from the fossil fuels and mineral deposits are examples of non-renewable sources. Due to extensive use of our non-renewable sources of energy, such as petroleum from fossil fuels, energy crisis in most part of the world is badly experienced. Such crises are described by the extreme inflation of the international oil price in the world market (Yergin, 2007). This effect is primarily due to the depletion of some sources of petroleum due to uncontrolled extraction of some major oil suppliers. These problems are associated with high demand of oil by large companies due extensive usage of fuels and rapid growth of industrial civilization. Due to this, the governments of different countries are trying to promote sustainable developments that will ease problems in conservation of the energy sources of the world. Reference: Yergin, Daniel, et al. â€Å"World Energy Supply. â€Å" Microsoft ® Student 2008 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2007.

Why I Want For Pre K - 2167 Words

Honestly, when choosing an age group to write about for this paper I found myself really unsure. Most of my teaching years has been spent with mostly infants and toddlers. Yes I have volunteered in a lot of pre-k classrooms but I’m really not that experienced with this age group. When I finally decided on an age group I thought pre-k would be the best fit for me. The reason why I choose pre-k is because I have volunteered and some pre-k class rooms and this was the best age that was closed to the age groups that I am used to working with. As an educator, I believe my main job is to make sure that I am teaching/helping my student to the best of my ability. As an educator, one of my jobs is to make sure that I give all of my students the best information and experiences that they need to be successful in school and in life. For this paper I will discuss three theories that I feel is important to use when teaching young children math, reading, science and fine arts. The three theories that I feel best describe and work with my teaching styles is Vygotsky Zone of proximal development, Bronfenbrenner microsystem theory and Piaget preoperational stage theory. Educator should always follow educational theories and philosophies because in order to teach a child correctly we must know and understand how they learn and process information. Theory or Philosophy #1 When a child is pushed too hard to do something or is not challenged enough it can really make a child disappointed.Show MoreRelatedThe Importance of Early Childhood Education and What it looks Like in America1049 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"At what age should I enroll my children in school? Why are we pushing our children at such an early age? I just want my children to be children. Will Pre-K really prepare them for Kindergarten?† These are all questions that parents ask themselves as their children start approaching school age. Parents have to face the decision about whether or not to send their children to pre-k before kindergarten, or if they will just send them to kindergarten. Some parents do not realize just how importantRead MoreFilm Analysis: The Minority Report Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pages The Minority Report is a film that tries to stop crimes before they happen, with the enlistment of 3 teen pre-cogs. These pre-cogs predict future murders and the authorities swoop in and arrest the would-be murders, before they have the chance of committing the crime. Even thing goes great until Anderton, a cop played by Tom Cruise, is suspected. Written by Philip K. Dick and then turned to film by Steven Spielberg in 2002, the short story to film became a success. Though there are many differencesRead MoreChildren Benefit More From A High Quality Full Day Pre K Program1466 Words   |  6 Pagesquality full-day pre-k program because their daily attendance rate is better than average and have reduced chronic absences, their social-emotional development is better, and their achievement scores in language and math are higher than their peers who attend a half-day or no pre-k program. 1) Introduction a) Provide some background on academic and social achievements through early childhood education. b) Provide a definition of what a â€Å"high quality† preschool program consists of and why that is importantRead MoreThe Impact Of Pre K Reform On The Issue Of School Readiness1481 Words   |  6 Pages Summary: There are various education reforms in the United States today, however there was one reform that was looked at closely by the author of Reforming Preschool to Ready Children for Academic Achievement: A Case Study of the Impact of Pre-K Reform on the Issue of School Readiness, Christopher Brown. This article focuses on in depth research that has been done for a reform on preschools in Texas which aims to reduce the gap in education. During this research, Brown was able to look closelyRead MoreThe Career That Intrigues Me1155 Words   |  5 Pageskindergarten through 8th grade. I am engrossed in this career because I have little siblings that I had to teach them things like reading, math, and writing properly. Also, I just love, love, love little kids and to watch them grow. My personality goes with this career because I am a very kind and considerate person and I like people. My values go with this career because I like having the defiance and the opportunity to do my work in new wa ys and with independence and diversity. Also, I like feat which is havingRead MorePre K Kindergarten Learners Essay1661 Words   |  7 PagesPre-K Kindergarten learners: A child between the ages of 3-5 wants to learn all about the world around them through exploration, and figuring out how it works. Their curiosity always gets the best of them at this age, which aids them in their learning process in figuring out what the world contains. Most children at this age read a book, only by telling a story through the interactive illustrations, and their imaginations. We will be reading a book for each lesson taught. These books willRead MorePre K Kindergarten Learners Essay1672 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Pre-K Kindergarten learners: A child between the ages of 3-5 wants to learn all about the world around them through exploration, and figuring out how it works. Their curiosity always gets the best of them at this age, which aids them in their learning process in figuring out what the world contains. Most children at this age read a book, only by telling a story through the interactive illustrations, and their imaginations. We will be reading a book for each lesson taught. Read MoreThe Transactional Theory Of Reading Essay1112 Words   |  5 Pagestheir students. Aside from teaching, a big part of a teachers’ job is learning about student’s characteristics and needs. The National Acadamies Press (1997) said the following: Getting to know students and getting to know about them are important pre-requisites for effective teaching, especially since it is becoming increasingly likely that today s students will differ more in their demographics, preparations, attitudes, and interests... (p.55). There are several advantages teachers who take theRead MoreWhy I Should Become A Teacher1044 Words   |  5 PagesWhy Do I Want to Become a Teacher? Are teachers important? When you think about teachers do you think that they get the same pay grade as doctors, lawyers, or politicians? No teachers do not even come close, but does that mean that they are that less important? Teachers have the most challenging and important job in the world. Teachers have a very difficult job but in the end, it is rewarding. Teachers get to see children develop into bright leaders, and know in their hearts that they helped shapedRead MoreMy Love For Kids1001 Words   |  5 PagesI like kids but I don’t want them. Me liking kids lead to the enjoyment of me wanting to teach. Seeing a child grow and learn is very special. My love for kids and wanting to help others is my reason for wanting to be a teacher. Being a teacher could fill the void of me not wanting kids being able to return them after a long day. Being able to affect someones life a very young age. Not being able to give my full attention would be selfish knowing my job revolves arou nd other kids and their needs

The Design Of The Architecture Profession - 1359 Words

What is an architect? Throughout the years, the architecture profession has been seen to be questioned. Many theorists have debated the functionality and point of views of different forms in regards to this question. These perceptions of the architect are still being written at the present moment. These statements refer to a meaning that is perceived and read on a global scale. It is still unclear who has the correct solution or whether it might appear. This paper will look into two contemporary writers that examine the form of the architect within their point of view. These writers were chosen due to their recent works on the matter at hand. First, Peggy Deamer, a Professor of Architecture and Assistant Dean at Yale University, examines the architecture in the essence of the profession. She looks into the contributions of the architect and their work and the utopia of the profession. On the other hand, Alicia Carrio, an Argentinian architect and active member of a cultural and socia l organization in Malaga, Spain. Her writing examines the social role of the architect and the need to provide to the social aspect of the profession. This paper will look into this two point of view and comprehend their meaning of the architect. Peggy Deamer believes that architects are artists and at the same time laborers that influence the world. In her writing â€Å"Work† she views the architect not as an individual but rather look into what the profession should be. Peggy splits her work intoShow MoreRelatedSome of the Aspects of Architecture Essay1425 Words   |  6 PagesThe subject of architecture is sometimes thought to be boring. Many building that we see are simple in structure and design. There is nothing particularly special about the way a simple house or government building looks. In fact many of us may believe that anybody could be an architect. We are ignorant to the rich history of architecture. We are also largely unaware of the amount of education, planning, or intelligence needed to be an architect or design a building. Many also do not take into accountRead Moresummary and evaluation the importance on sketching in design process857 Words   |  4 PagesGoldschmidt, G. 2003, ‘The Backtalk of Self-Generated Sketches’, Design Issues, Volume 19, Number 1 In the article, ‘The Backtalk of Self-Generated Sketches,’ Goldschmidt discusses and talk over how we as human especially designers and artists use drawing and sketching to help us to generate ideas and also strengthening them by interpreting the ‘blacktalk’ of a sketching process. The article shows that the backtalk of a self-generated sketch gives rise to novel information that is not deducibleRead MoreThe Walt Disney Company1449 Words   |  6 Pageshis own brand of architecture that he could peddle to the masses and, after time, his corporate investors. The Walt Disney Company, has since become an empire, and from the help of Michael Eisner during the Disney decade, a brand that cannot be easily avoided. Its presence has sprung up world-wide with no indication of slowing. The parks have transformed into a vernacular that can set up shop in any international environment. Unlike the buildings we commonly design today, Disneyland’s have littleRead MoreDesign Architect : An Architect1407 Words   |  6 Pagesspace planning, and designing buildings, schools, houses, and other structures for companies or people. You come down to the fact as being an architect you will accompany many people over your career, which leads to my next point. To be an effective design architect, there are certain characteristics are required to do the job well. For starters, you must have healthy communications with your employees and your clients, it s the most important aspect you must obtain a smooth, yet professional relationshipRead MoreConstruction Of Urban Regeneration Projects1648 Words   |  7 PagesUrban renewal or also known as urban regeneration project are driven by the importance of urban design and aspiration which is important as the independent world moves further into the 21st century. As the world undergoes rapid globalisation, people may experience challenges at a point that demand for their awareness especially towards the evironment and social. Therefore, it is important that part of an architect to practise practical solutions that brings advantage of the existing urban assestsRead MoreEssay on Does an Architect’s Ego Get in the Way of Sensible Design?1017 Words   |  5 PagesDoes an architect’s eg o get in the way of sensible design? Does it? Does an architect have an ego? Well what is ego for that matter? â€Å"Ego: A person’s sense of self-esteem or self-importance† (oxford Dictionary) this is a very tame definition, most people will agree when saying that the definition of ego is in fact the arrogant part of you that in some ways makes you think you are superior or the less cynical of us would like to say an ego is the autopilot of the mind, it’s the thing that one doesRead MoreThe Works of Elise de Wolfe,Eleanor Brown, and Dorothy Draper1284 Words   |  6 PagesInterior Decorators such as Elsie de Wolfe, Eleanor McMillen Brown, and Dorothy Draper helped to pave the way for the Interior Design profession today. Their influential decisions to stray away from the Victorian style of design helped guide both the interior decorating profession, as well as architects who no longer wanted to design in the bulky and cluttered Victorian Style. Elsie de Wolfe designed during the Victorian movement, however â€Å"had adopted the 1890’s preference for Neoclassicism† (SmithRead MoreTaking a Look at Architectural Engineering628 Words   |  3 PagesDiscover Engineering Did you know that those people who you see working on a building aren’t engineers, those are what you call construction workers they don’t design engineers are the ones who design and make life easier. Engineering is the part of making knowledge of pure sciences, and math as construction of engines things we use on a daily base According to (dictionary.com).Did you know that the four main types of Engineers are Chemical Engineer, Civil engineering, Electrical engineeringRead MoreThe Psychology of Architecture Essay1004 Words   |  5 PagesArchitecture is a fascinating business that encompasses the art and science of designing with the construction of buildings. An architect designs all kind of buildings, such as schools, churches, houses, restaurants, and more. This profession has been around since the 1st century CE when Vitruvius, a Roman architect, called it De architectura. Architects have to have a wide range of knowledge. For example they need to have good communications skill, so they can take the information of what a clientRead MoreAssignment On Professional Roles Through Case Studies1120 Words   |  5 Pages300975 Professional Competencies Assessment 1 Reflection on professional roles through case studies Melad Baher Saaed Alyonan – SID: 19081221 Common professions in the construction industry are: †¢ Building Designer – Simply is a person who designs buildings. In fact, there are many aspects more than design is the building designer responsibility and it’s a part of his day to day duties like site survey, calculating quantity and choosing the suitable quality of the project, prepare documents, planning

Female Gangs - 888 Words

Since the evolution of civilization, man has always formed groups, and sects to lead a covered life. As time passed by, the scenario changed, what turned out to be group formation for hunting during the nomadic times led to formation of groups as tribes for waging wars, and eventually in the urban times, now street gangs are formed in mostly developed cities, which are filled with crime and hate towards people other than their own gangs. Gangs all over the world especially in the United States of America, are very often very underlined as a male dominated one, and females that were supposed to be with the gang members, were either their wives of girlfriends, and females who were seen actively involved were supposed to be for sole purposes†¦show more content†¦Female gangs and crimes committed by females can no longer be taken as one of the incidents which can be evident from the following: â€Å"Make no mistake, these girls are not girl scouts, they are not as organized as established male gangs, but they are getting close† (Courtesy: Lieutenant Gary French, commander of the Boston Polices Youth Violence Strike Force, Retrieved on February 9th 2008 from site faculty.missouristate.edu/M/.../GANGS/gender_composition.htm) Females in gangs follow what is known as the gang’s code of dressing, which would include having same tattoos, same hair color and same dressing style. The system of gangs have always incorporated a sense of brotherhood and family towards its members, and females who enter these gangs want to take refuge away from their homes and schools, and that is why females today who are joining gangs and are ready to go at any level to connect to the gangs;many of them are willing to take tests like group sex with gang members or doing burglary just to prove their mettle. The roles of females in the coming times in street gangs are more like to change for the worse, and females will be involved in more and more gruesome crimes, because of the new ideologies of male gang members that females who are caught are generally given a relaxed sentence compared to their maleShow MoreRelatedThe Phenomena of Female Gangs1253 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction phenomena of female gangs / Definition of female gangs In the past, there were only a few studies about female gangs as the number of female gangs was not significant.However, a survey researching on the membership structure and the distribution of the local gangs states that there were only 6% of the gangsters were female in 2001 but according to two Youth Outreaching Teams of federation four years later, the number of female gang members has been doubled to around 15%. This growthRead MoreEssay on The Psychology of a Female Gang1248 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: THE PSYCHOLOGY OF A FEMALE GANG Week 7: The Psychology of a Female Gang Latoya J. Valentine Everest University CCJ 4656-1 Gang Activity and Drug Operations – 1 Professor Brad  Anders 11/25/12 Instructional Activity As research and understanding of female gangs is imperfect or lacking, the criminal justice system would benefit by developing new methods for dealing with the increasing number of female gangs. To be effective, law enforcement officials should first acknowledgeRead MoreFemale Participation And Gang Activities Essay1189 Words   |  5 PagesFemale participation in gang activities acquired greatest attention due to its â€Å" sensational nature of the media s portrayal of girl gangsters (...). During the period of 1990 and of the new millennium† (need or not?) This attention (...) â€Å"has also contributed to a renewed academic interest in female gangs.† (Nurge_2003, p 1) There existed a â€Å"traditional view† (Hunt et al._2000) of female gang members, and it â€Å"contrasts sharply with recent public discussions about female gang members,Read MoreSocial Influences Of Female Gang Membership1474 Words   |  6 PagesWithin the last decades, gangs have become one of the fastest growing issues in the United States. When most people define gangs, females are not part of the definition. Most government officials and researchers do not see females a contributor to the fasting growth of gangs in the United States when in fact, the number of females associated with gangs is constantly increasing. Female gang membership in the United States is estimated to be between 10 and 35 percent of the gang population, with someRead MoreEssay on The Rise in Female Gang Members579 Words   |  3 Pagesrecognize that gangs have been around for what seems like forever. What they dont realize is that the numbers are increasing to amazing proportions, there were 28,000 youth gangs with 780,200 members in the United States (in 2000) and 20% to 46% of those m embers are female (Evans). And what is even more shocking is, in Chicago alone there are 16,000 to 20,000 female gang members (Eghigian). These girls start out as ?groupies?, become members, and sometimes even leaders of all-girl gangs because ofRead MoreCausation of Female Gang Involvement Essay1898 Words   |  8 Pagesgone into studying why youth turns to gang involvement. A sector of this population has only recently been a focus of any study at all and that is the female. From the authors De La Rue, Espelage research they estimate that female gang membership is anywhere from 10 to 35% of the total gang population (De La Rue, Espelage 2014 pg. 1). There are many pieces that drive females to join the gang lifestyle. There are three major causes that drive females to gang involvement; family influences, relationshipRead MoreGirl Gangs and the Female Crime Wave in America Essay6758 Words   |  28 PagesStarting in the 1980s, reports of female involvement in gangs, drug sales, and violence began to surface as a serious problem in America. To support claims of increased female delinquency, reporters and scholars often cite crime statistics or anecdotes from field studies. The reasons they give to explain this female crime wave generally fall into one of two categories: drugs as a means for economic success the idea that the increased availability of crack cocaine provides economic means to poverty-riddenRead MoreA Sociological Aspect of Gang Activity1743 Words   |  7 PagesGangs can be classified as a group of adolescents who are perceived to be a threat to society, are mostly recognized by their name and territorial power, and have been involved in numerous acts that violate criminal law procedures in North America. (Esbensen, Winfree, He and Taylor, 2001). The first theme that was present in the pieces of literature collected was the lack of opportunities. As previously stated before, becoming involved in a gang starts at a young age. An article titl ed â€Å"Youth GangsRead MoreA Common Agreement Within The World That Deals With Men And Men1273 Words   |  6 Pagesresearcher and the author of â€Å"Cholas, Mexican-American Girls, and Gangs†, within her research she has conducted various interviews with females in gangs. From her research she has came to the conclusion that for girls, â€Å"Gang member’s behavior is determined by social structures and group culture by defining the perspective and attitude of the girl gang† (Harris 301). In other words, Harris is explaining that peer groups, such as gangs, to females tend to have a powerful influence on them by having certainRead More Gangs, Belonging, and Acceptance Essay1177 Words   |  5 PagesGangs, Belonging, and Acceptance A 12-year-old boy comes home from school. He enters his home through the front door and notices his mother sobbing. There is blood on the tissue shes holding. The boy starts to ask his mother why she is crying when he realizes what has happened. She answers his silent inquiry about why, by quietly saying, your dad . . . hes on the back porch . . . hes had a bad day. Feeling helpless he goes to his room. From his window he can see his dad taking in the last

System In Process Of Manpower Activities †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The System In Process Of Manpower Activities? Answer: Introduction ABC Timber and Hardware operates as a small chain of different hardware stores that operates throughout the state. It operates through a network of 12 different branches that works on the basis of one sales representative per branch. The Sales Representatives annually report to the Sales Manager of the organization and generates monthly sales report. The Sales Manager in turn is required to report to the Board of Directors of the firm. Applicability of the IMS to Mobile and Cloud Computing The era of emergence of mobile and cloud computing is observed to create fear in the minds of the users regarding undue access to secured data resources and thereby pilferage of the same without generation of adequate knowledge. Mobile and Cloud Computing encourage the growth of a collaborative atmosphere regarding sharing of information resources. However, the firms tend to hold on to the contents rather than sharing the same owing to the emergence of security issues. Content sharing activity requires the users to employ cloud sharing services like Dropbox, Google Drive and iCloud among others which in turn raises security threat. The Mobile Computing service is also preferred by users for helping in earning an effective work-life balance which is not possible in traditional work spheres. The incorporation of mobile and cloud computing services contribute in the sharing of quantifiable amount of information pertaining to diverse categories in a rapid manner. Transmission of data acr oss the digital environment creates necessary challenges associated to security and vulnerability of information resources(Victor, Abah, Adewale, Ume, 2014). Description of the Planning Activities The different planning activities that are required to be undertaken for designing an effective Information Management Systems (IMS) are rendered as follows. -Identification of the requirements and stages regarding development of information systems in the organization. -Identification of the type of application concerning Information Systems to be utilized in the firm. -Generating evolution to each of the different types of IMS Applications depending on the level of priority inside the firm. -Generation of a priority ranking for the different types of applications. -Focusing on the development on an effective and optimum architecture of IMS for addressing the needs of the different applications(Bogabol, AL Musadieq, Handayani, 2014). Reasons for conducting a Learning Needs Analysis for IMS Specific reasons for conducting training for effective implementation of Information Management Systems in an organization are outlined as follows. -Reduction of the level of confusion and mistakes regarding the implementation of the Information Management System -For ensuring the optimal and effective utilization of the IMS in the firm -For ensuring the optimal utilization of the budget planned for the implementation of IMS IN ABC Timber and Hardware -For helping in the reduction of unnecessary workloads and tasks concerning the staffs pertaining to the Information Technology department for increasing efficiency and expertise in handling complex tasks -Further the development of learning and skills development program for the organizational staffs help in making them feel valued and also duly empowered for enhancing their skill base regarding working in an environment associated with IMS(Karikari, Boateng, Ocansey, 2015). Identification and Information on Stakeholders to the IMS The different stakeholders regarding the incorporation and implementation of IMS in ABC Timber and Hardware are the sales representatives of the 12 different sales branches, the sales manager, and the board of directors of the organization and finally the customers or the final user base of the hardware company. The development of the Information Management System in the organization would contribute in meeting the knowledge and information needs of the different stakeholder groups in the firm while also in understanding the needs of customers, recording them for future needs and also in developing of potential of the firm for meeting the emergent and diversified needs of customers. Description of Human, Financial and Physical Resources The different human, physical and financial resources for development of an effective Information Management System in ABC Timber and Hardware are outlined as follows. Human Resources Staffs and employees are required to be involved by the hardware firm for effective collection of information regarding sales and consumer data from the different branches where the hardware company has opened up its branches. Moreover, further staffs would also be involved that would help in effectively storing and analyzing the data collected regarding consumer interests and behavior along with the purchasing activities made by customers and also other types of market data. Effective human resources are also required to be involved that would help in disseminating the data and the analysis of relevant information concerning customer data of ABC Timber and Hardware(Gupta George, 2016). Financial Resources Different types of financial resources can be gained from varied sources like investment agencies, government and business hubs for the development of the Management Information System in ABC Timber and Hardware. Effective meetings are required to be generated and carried out by the board of directors of the firm with the investors and also the other financial sources such that the same helps in development of needed awareness concerning the IMS required by the company. Similarly, donations and also budgets allocated by the government for development of technological projects in firms are also required to be rightly streamlined for the development of the IMS project(Al-Mamary, Shamsuddin, Aziati, 2014). Physical Resources Different types of physical resources are required by ABC Timber and Hardware for helping in the rightful implementation of the Information Management System (IMS) in the organization. Basic facilities associated to rooms like availability of furniture and electricity is required for working on the basis of IMS. Similarly, an effective guidebook concerning use of IMS and information technology sources are required for training the staffs to handle the system effectively. Most importantly, the incorporation of information technology resources like computers and laptops along with effective internet connection through use of a modem need to be incorporated for helping the staffs gain access to needed data and also use the Information Management System(Kellermanns, Walter, Crook, Kemmerer, 2016). Promotional Activity for encouraging the use of the IMS The promotional activity concerning encouraging the internal staff, both new recruits and existing staffs to effectively use IMS can be conducted in an effective fashion as follows. Communicating the Benefits The management of ABC Timber and Hardware is required for effectively communicating the benefits associated with the use of the IMS in the organization like development of both tacit and explicit knowledge. Further, the communication of the benefits can be carried out through out through identification of roles played by the different staffs in the organization and thereby make the staffs understand the manner IMS can be employed by them suiting the different roles. Empowering Employees The sales staffs of the different branches are required to effectively encourage in participating in the development activity concerning implementation of IMS in ABC Timber and Hardware. It would contribute in increasing the accountability of the members and also in making they work responsively for meeting the objectives of IMS implementation(Gupta George, 2016). Development of Training and Incentive Programs The management of ABC Timber and Hardware is also required to not only develop an effective training program for enhancing the competencies of the staffs to work proactively in an IMS governed enterprise but also to render financial and non-financial incentives based on their activity in its effective incorporation in the firm. The same would encourage and motivate the staffs to work proactively in the development of IMS in ABC Hardware and Timber(Lavin, Harper, Barr, 2015). Two Policies and Procedures needed for effective Running of IMS Two different policies that are needed for effective implementation and running of IMS in ABC Hardware and Timber are outlined as under: Enhancing Privacy of Data An effective privacy policy is required to be designed for governing the process of collecting, storing and thereby used for the benefit of the firm and also the different restrictions imposed for sharing such data resources with other third party users. Development of policies is required to be made for gaining permission in sending mails to different contacts. Different Procedures for Employing Information Technology Systems The information technology department of ABC Timber and Hardware is required to identify and generate different procedures regarding both using and also for gaining access to different data sets and system, generating backup of data and also in providing protection to data sets. It would also help in defining the procedures for both the employees in the organization and also the contractors involved in the IMS Project(Cresswell, Bates, Sheikh, 2013). Legal Requirements and Ethical Issues concerning IMS and users The use of IMS by ABC Hardware and Timber for collection and storage of data sets is required to effectively follow the legislations concerning Archives Act of 1983. It focuses on both sourcing and storing of records and also its destruction after completion of its use. Moreover, the use of IMS is also required to follow the legislations concerning the Privacy Act of 1988 that governs the collection, storage, employment and disclosure of information concerning information of consumers and other stakeholders(Snyder, 2017). Conclusions The report ideally reflects the fashion in which ABC Hardware and Timber can effectively work for developing and implementing an Information Management Systems in the organization. It reflects on the planning activities concerning the implementation of the IMS with also the allocation of different resources for the conducting of the program. Further, it also highlights on the different policies, procedures and also the legal and ethical requirements behind the incorporation of IMS in the organization. References Al-Mamary, Y. H., Shamsuddin, A., Aziati, N. (2014). The Role of Different Types of Information Systems in Business Organisations: A Review. International Journal of Research (IJR) , 1 (7), 1279-1286. Bogabol, A. O., AL Musadieq, M., Handayani, S. R. (2014). The Need for Management Information Systems on Strategic Planning Process in Libyan Health Service Organizations. IOSR Journal of Business and Management , 10 (10), 13-26. Cresswell, K. M., Bates, D. W., Sheikh, A. (2013). Ten key considerations for the successful implementation and adoption of large-scale health information technology. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association , 20 (1). Gupta, M., George, J. F. (2016). Toward the develop,ment of a big data analytics capability. Informations and Management , 1-16. Karikari, ,. A., Boateng, P. A., Ocansey, E. O. (2015). The Role of Human Resource Information System in the Process of Manpower Activities. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management , 5, 424-431. Kellermanns, F., Walter, J., Crook, T. R., Kemmerer, B. (2016). The Resource-Based View in Entrepreneurship: A Content-Analytical Comparison of Researchers and Entrepreneurs Views. Journal of Small Business Management , 54 (1), 26-48. Lavin, M. A., Harper, E., Barr, N. (2015). Health Information Technology, Patient Safety, and Professional Nursing Care Documentation in Acute Care Settings. The Online Journal for Issues in Nursing , 20 (2). Snyder, L. (2017). Modernizing Legal Services in Common Law Countries: Will the US Be Left Behind? Australia: Lexington Books. Victor, W. O., Abah, J., Adewale, O. S., Ume, A. (2014). A Survey on Mobile Cloud Computing with Embedded Security Considerations. International Journal of Cloud Computing and Services Science , 3 (1), 53-66.